The bicameral mind is a hypothesis proposed by psychologist Julian Jaynes in the 1970s to explain the evolution of human consciousness. According to Jaynes, early humans had a "bicameral" mind in which one hemisphere of the brain would give commands to the other, much like a master ordering a servant. This allowed ancient humans to navigate their environments and make decisions without the need for conscious thought.
Jaynes argued that this bicameral mind evolved into a more modern conscious mind around 1000 BCE, as language and civilization became more complex and humans began to rely less on instinct and more on reasoning and decision-making skills. This theory has been controversial and has been debated by many psychologists and neuroscientists, but it remains an influential idea in the field of consciousness studies.
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